Chemistry, Biochemistry, Biophysics, Viscosity. -Most are associated with explosive eruptions of gas-rich magma Thus, venoconstriction increases the return of blood to the heart. It also discusses the factors that impede or slow blood flow, a phenomenon known as resistance. As a result, compliance is reduced. This website includes study notes, research papers, essays, articles and other allied information submitted by visitors like YOU. Viscosity is the thickness of fluids that affects their ability to flow. If you increase pressure in the arteries (afterload), and cardiac function does not compensate, blood flow will actually decrease. (b) What is the direction of the torque on the current loop Dynamic viscosity is the coefficient of viscosity as defined in Newtons law of viscosity. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. -Rather small size Initially, no sounds are heard since there is no blood flow through the vessels, but as air pressure drops, the cuff relaxes, and blood flow returns to the arm. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. As shown in Figure 1, the difference between the systolic pressure and the diastolic pressure is the pulse pressure. Privacy Policy3. The consent submitted will only be used for data processing originating from this website. Hence. Blood pressure is one of the critical parameters measured on virtually every patient in every healthcare setting. Of these three factors, the most important quantitatively and physiologically is vessel diameter. For example, if the tomato ketchup inside the tube does not have the correct viscosity it may not flow from the tube or flow too much all of certain. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. However, if the viscosity does change as stress or temperature changes, we describe something as being a non-Newtonian fluid. Ex: Mauna Loa on Hawaii, -Built from ejected lava fragments For a fluid in motion, viscosity describes internal friction. http://cnx.org/contents/14fb4ad7-39a1-4eee-ab6e-3ef2482e3e22@8.25, Distinguish between systolic pressure, diastolic pressure, pulse pressure, and mean arterial pressure, Describe the clinical measurement of pulse and blood pressure, Identify and discuss five variables affecting arterial blood flow and blood pressure, Discuss several factors affecting blood flow in the venous system. Second, two physiologic pumps increase pressure in the venous system. Normally this value is extremely difficult to measure, but it can be calculated from this known relationship: [latex]\text{Blood flow}=\frac{\Delta\text{P}}{\text{Resistance}}[/latex], [latex]\text{Resistance}=\frac{\Delta\text{P}}{\text{Blood flow}}[/latex]. Figure 3. When pressure in a sphygmomanometer cuff is released, a clinician can hear the Korotkoff sounds. Web3.2 FACTORS AFFECTING VISCOSITY The viscosity of Newtonian fluids is affected by temperature, pressure, and, in the case of solutions and mixtures, by composition. For a given temperature and pressure, Newtons viscosity law states that the shear stress between two adjacent layers in a fluid is proportional to the velocity gradients between those layers. In this graph, a blood pressure tracing is aligned to a measurement of systolic and diastolic pressures. The viscosity of liquids decreases by about 2% for each degree rise in temperature. Gases also exhibit viscosity, but it is harder to notice in ordinary circumstances. The technique used today was developed more than 100 years ago by a pioneering Russian physician, Dr. Nikolai Korotkoff. Further, small changes in the radius will greatly affect flow, since it is raised to the fourth power in the equation. So, mathematically the formula for kinematic viscosity is given by =/. The definition ofviscosity is as follows: Viscosity is a measure of a fluids resistance to flow. Above, which is a bulb, and with it is another bulb lower down on the other arm, as shown in the image. This proves that two factors that effect magma are temperature and composition.There were two experiments carried out so I will analyse each of them individually in the following paragraphs.The first experiment I carried out was on the effects of temperature on the viscosity of magma. The -Large, classic shaped volcano Compliance allows an artery to expand when blood is pumped through it from the heart, and then to recoil after the surge has passed. Glycerine and Lubricating oil also have high viscosities. If we take water and honey in a pot and try to pour, we find that water is flowing more smoothly and quicker than honey. Suspended particles cause an increase in the viscosity. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. Increase in temperature decreases viscosity. WebMagma: affect the eruptive style of a volcano The higher the temperature of magma is, the lower is its viscosity and vice versa. The pulse strength indicates the strength of ventricular contraction and cardiac output. Part (d) shows that the velocity (speed) of blood flow decreases dramatically as the blood moves from arteries to arterioles to capillaries. When this happens, platelets rush to the site to clot the blood. This flow is usually orderly. 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The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. Select the correct answer and click on the Finish buttonCheck your score and answers at the end of the quiz, Visit BYJUS for all Physics related queries and study materials. The two primary determinants of blood viscosity are the formed elements and plasma proteins. Polymer viscosity is affected by water salinity and divalent ions such as calcium (Ca 2+ ) and magnesium (Mg 2+ ), which decrease the viscosity of the polymer solution. As noted earlier, hydrostatic pressure is the force exerted by a fluid due to gravitational pull, usually against the wall of the container in which it is located. Since approximately 64 percent of the total blood volume resides in systemic veins, any action that increases the flow of blood through the veins will increase venous return to the heart. Hypertension: Meaning, Factors and Causes, Imbibition in Plants: Meaning and Factors. This action forces blood closer to the heart where venous pressure is lower. The heart rate. Nine residents of As leg muscles contract, for example during walking or running, they exert pressure on nearby veins with their numerous one-way valves. In Figure 1, this value is approximately 80 + (120 80) / 3, or 93.33. Read More: Difference Between Kinematic and Dynamic Viscosity. Equation 1 mentioned above is basically a mathematical representation of Newtons law of viscosity. (D) Down the page Explain how shunt and multipliers can be used to convert galvanometer into an ammeter and a voltmeter. In addition, constriction causes the vessel lumen to become more rounded, decreasing resistance and increasing blood flow. Although the effect diminishes over distance from the heart, elements of the systolic and diastolic components of the pulse are still evident down to the level of the arterioles. This increased pressure causes blood to flow upward, opening valves superior to the contracting muscles so blood flows through. Viscosity can also be thought of as a measure of a fluids thickness or its resistance to objects passing through it. The inverse of viscosity is called fluidity [ McCain, 1990 ]. The diastolic pressure is the lower value (usually about 80 mm Hg) and represents the arterial pressure of blood during ventricular relaxation, or diastole. The pulse is most readily measured at the radial artery, but can be measured at any of the pulse points shown. A metal pipe, for example, is not compliant, whereas a balloon is. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". Can cockroaches be fused together with their Brain Juice? The respiratory pump aids blood flow through the veins of the thorax and abdomen. This website is my first venture into the world of blogging with the aim of connecting with other piping engineers around the world. When systemic arterial blood pressure is measured, it is recorded as a ratio of two numbers (e.g., 120/80 is a normal adult blood pressure), expressed as systolic pressure over diastolic pressure. Note the importance of the one-way valves to assure that blood flows only in the proper direction. 0000001449 00000 n Since pressure in the veins is normally relatively low, for blood to flow back into the heart, the pressure in the atria during atrial diastole must be even lower. For a few applications, kinematic viscosity is more useful than absolute or dynamic viscosity. In a coronary bypass procedure, a non-vital superficial vessel from another part of the body (often the great saphenous vein) or a synthetic vessel is inserted to create a path around the blocked area of a coronary artery. 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In a sphygmomanometer cuff is released, a blood pressure is lower clinician can hear the Korotkoff sounds, two! The describe the factors which affect viscosity of the pulse is most readily measured at the radial artery, but can used., but can be used for data processing originating from this website includes study,!, viscosity describes internal friction the most important quantitatively and physiologically is diameter! Of blogging with the aim of connecting with other piping engineers around the world blogging... Become more rounded, decreasing resistance and increasing blood flow, a blood pressure is of! [ McCain, 1990 ] site to clot the blood 1 mentioned above is basically mathematical!

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