WebThe Progressive Era was a period of widespread social activism and political reform that spread across the United States, and was in a response to problems that arose from immigration, industrialization, urbanization, and governmental corruption. The Progressive Era spanned the late 1800s to the 1920s. These women ran settlement houses, which were simultaneously group residences and forces of social change. To unlock this lesson you must be a Study.com Member. Describe the realities of the meat-packing industry exposed by Upton Sinclair. Jane Addams (1860-1935), a social worker and activist was one such Progressive. Theodore Roosevelt, a former supporter of Taft, ran as the Progressive Party candidate but was unsuccessful in obtaining a presidential win. Voters also used an official ballot printed by the state rather than a political party. Resources: Progressive Era Reforms. In this essay, we want you to. It is not clear, however, what had more of an impact on child labor these laws or the state compulsory school attendance requirements that were becoming more widespread at the same time. WebGerman reformers responded to Vatican statement with 'astonishment'. For example, Jacob Riis', Likewise, literary reformers like Upton Sinclair created significant political change through their writing. By 1916, their efforts had led to the passage of Prohibition laws in nineteen states. flashcard sets. The. Progressives typically feel that if societal reforms can be enacted, the country will benefit and prosper. Its like a teacher waved a magic wand and did the work for me. TheProgressive Era spanned the late 1800s to the 1920s. In the Democrats were delighted that Taft and Roosevelt would fight for the nomination. WebThis unit on the Progressive Era consists of seven teaching activities, which build upon each other and culminate in an optional service learning project exploring modern day progressivism. Orphaned children and immigrant children were the most vulnerable to exploitation, as their economic situation was the most precarious. In 1910, Congress passed the Mann Act, which outlawed interstate transportation of women ''for the purpose of prostitution or debauchery.'' Describe the Progressives and the changes they sought and made in municipal governments, Identify Lincoln Steffens, David Graham Phillip, and Robert La Follette, Define initiative, referendum, and recall, Paraphrase the sixteenth, seventeenth, and eighteenth amendments. It explains how progressivism works, and gives examples of electoral and political reforms. Monopolies were broken up due to violation of federal law. Monopolists had accidentally made their worst enemy, the President of the United States of America. Add highlights, virtual manipulatives, and more. At the turn of the 19th century, Americans were facing a range of social ills resulting from the rapid industrialization and urbanization of the 1800s. Review document and identify what trust accounting component this is from the list provided. Gilded Age Politics: Political Machines & Civil Service Reform, Eisenhower & the Cold War| Overview, Doctrine & Policies, Progressive Era Reforms | Examples, Accomplishments & History. Alternatively, in the interest of saving time, this activity could also be completed using a class Padlet, followed up by a class discussion/vote on where to place each of the reforms as being either political, social, or economic. The largest piece of electoral reform during this time was the 17th amendment, which changed the way senators were elected. The Nineteenth Amendment to the Constitution, which gave women the right to vote, passed the Senate in June 1919 and was ratified by the states in August 1920, more than 70 years after the first women's rights meeting in Seneca Falls, New York. Ultimately, there were loopholes that meant the wealthy did not pay much in taxes; however, this was the first of the progressive amendments and started the process of amending the Constitution in order to better society in the eyes of the Progressive Movement in the early 1900s. Tarbell's book, which was eventually published in McClure's magazine, condemned the Standard Oil Company. Three new amendments to the Constitution were also proposed and ratified during this time: the 17th Amendment, ratified in 1913, allowed for Senators to be directly elected by the people. While Presidents during this period were incredibly influential in the progressive cause, the work of politicians like congressmen was just as integral to the movement. Nativism in the Industrial Revolution | History, Immigration & Effects. These activist organizations also fought for the right to vote for women. The era was characterized by widespread public concern about issues such as child labor, worker exploitation, political corruption, and urban poverty. These monopolists used harsh business practices and spent large sums of money to make sure politicians were friendly to them. Progressive politics became very popular in the early 1900s, while the United States was in the middle of industrializing. Calls for reform originated with muckrakers like Lincoln Steffens, who revealed the widespread corruption of city politicians and urban political machines. It was his wife Helen, who enjoyed politics and prodded him towards the White House. Roosevelt would follow up this suit with ones against over 40 other companies, including Standard Oil. On March 25, 1911, almost 150 people, mostly Italian and Jewish immigrant women, died in the Triangle Shirtwaist Company fire. The Underwood Tariff Act passed in 1913. succeed. From Vice President to President: George H.W. The Supreme Court agreed in Muller v. Oregon (1908) and upheld a state law that limited women laundry workers to working no more than ten hours a day. What were Progressives? The Progressive movement opposed large industrial monopolies and the dismal Progressive Era working conditions. Election reform also included the secret ballot and direct primaries. An initiative is when citizens decide to put an issue on their ballot with or without the permission of their state legislature. Utilities that remained in private hands invariably came under the jurisdiction of regulatory commissions that reviewed rates, mergers, and other business activities. Economic reform movement 4. Children often had the dangerous jobs that full-sized adults could not do. All rights reserved. A clear pattern emerges. In the city commission system, five city commissioners are elected to head different departments of city government. The urbanization of the time included a shift from small-scale manufacturing and business to large-scale factory production. Knights of Labor History & Goals | Who were the Knights of Labor? Many large cities were controlled by political machines, which were organizations that controlled the activities of a political party. The chart below provides hard evidence of this correlation. They also emphasize the importance of expanding democracy in as many ways as possible. succeed. Three constitutional amendments were passed in the first two decades of the twentieth century. These Progressives pushed for political reforms and an increase in protections for people across the country. Recalls, which allowed voters to remove elected officials from office before their term ended. After the end of World War I, a majority of voters finally agreed women deserved the ability to vote in elections. Before the 17th Amendment, Senators had been chosen by the state legislatures, and not everyday voting citizens. I would definitely recommend Study.com to my colleagues. It lowered the tariff by about 15% and removed duties from sugar, wool, and several other goods. Some of the measures were first proposed by Populists, such as William Jennings Bryan, including the initiative, referendum, and recall. What did the Progressive Era accomplish? Because of his anger with Taft over trust busting, Roosevelt decided to throw his hat back into the ring and run for a third term. Enrolling in a course lets you earn progress by passing quizzes and exams. Sometimes the political machines took on reforms themselves in order to maintain influence and keep their organizations in operation. As the governor of New York, Roosevelt was attempting to get these monopolies under control. In The Treason of the Senate, he claimed that the majority of senators were catering to the wishes of the railroads and large trusts, not the American people. Anna has taught middle and high school English for over three years. The commission form of government became popular in small and mediumsized cities throughout the country. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Delivery free on all UK orders over 30 Just after he entered office, this amendment was ratified and made the United States a more representative democracy. Let's review. The idea of referendums, recall, and initiative was one to give votersgreater power over legislation and the lawmakers and politicians who served them. Theodore Roosevelt supported progressivism because fixing the ills of society were the best way to create a strong and stable country in his eyes. Nevertheless, Taft did move forward with progressive reforms. Progressive reforms extended to the Constitution as well. The United States as a World Power, Next What were the political reforms of the Progressive Era? Progressives were interested in establishing a more transparent and accountable government which would work to improve U.S. society. These reformers favored such policies as civil service reform, food safety laws, and increased political rights for women and U.S. workers. The Progressives were also deeply two-faced when it came to several aspects of democracy. I feel like its a lifeline. Review Progressive Era U.S. history facts and examples. Taft continued Roosevelts Progressive policies. Woodrow Wilson did not initially support giving women the vote, however, massive protests eventually convinced him and the country. History II Progressivism: Roosevelt and Taft Progressivism: Roosevelt and Taft On September 6, 1901, an anarchist shot President William McKinley, who died a few days later. 47 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<58F1FB48BB88855D1333AB4D807BB76C><1957883844F2F64A8A08AF11CB05DF7C>]/Index[30 36]/Info 29 0 R/Length 86/Prev 38088/Root 31 0 R/Size 66/Type/XRef/W[1 2 1]>>stream He was a key player in mobilizing Progressive reforms at the state level. Many people tried to get around this amendment through bootlegging and speakeasies, however, and the enforcement of this law was difficult. Should companies be allowed to make people work 14 hours a day? Simply put, Progressives advocate change or reform. - Definition & Architecture, Working Scholars Bringing Tuition-Free College to the Community. Try refreshing the page, or contact customer support. In response, the New York State legislature established a 54hour workweek for women, prohibited children under 14 from working, and imposed new building regulations and factory safety rules. If it does not, then the referendum does not pass. + No longer would candidates be determined in back-door meetings of politicians. Reformers advocated the elimination of graft (using one's position for personal gain) and corruption of city officials. CliffsNotes study guides are written by real teachers and professors, so no matter what you're studying, CliffsNotes can ease your homework headaches and help you score high on exams. Referendums, which allowed citizens to vote directly for or against a proposed law. Should children be exploited in these dangerous industries? The easiest way to think about the distinction is that progressives seek proactive solutions utilizing the powers of the central government in order to benefit society, while liberalism more generally is focused on preserving the individual freedoms of citizens while using the central government when necessary. Prohibition. Businessmen, in particular, believed city governments should be run like businesses in an attempt to eliminate inefficiency and waste in government and municipal services. Henry Ford's implementation of the assembly line, based on the ideas of Frederick W. Taylor, increased production efficiency exponentially. These changes liberalized the United States into a more representative democracy. This amendment was initially a success but was eventually repealed in the 1930s during the Great Depression by the 21st Amendment. Women in the Progressive Era History & Impact | Who were Progressive Women? Amidst decreasing public support, Prohibition was repealed by the 21st Amendment in 1933. Once Theodore Roosevelt became president, he was committed to making the United States as stable and strong as possible. As a. They bribed judges, installed supporters in city hall, and only gave government contracts out in exchange for favors. Anti-Trust Legislation in the US: History & Impact on the Economy, Child Labor in the Progressive Era | History, Opposition & Reform. 2023 Course Hero, Inc. All rights reserved. They had to fight for decades to come in order to receive the same legal protections and rights. Child labor, working hours, and more social issues like alcoholism were addressed during the Progressive Era. Progressives sought to reform municipal (city) government and lessen the power of political machines. One area that saw significant changes was the regulation of businesses. Sometimes, these young workers toiled in dangerous conditions for six days a week, up to eighteen hours per day. Both charts include answer keys with the basic information for each of the listed reforms, as well as where they best fit in the political, social, or economic categories. The political influence of these companies was challenged by the passing of laws to regulate their rates and increase their taxes. (31) $2.50. - Definition, History & Goals, What is a Megaron? enroediger. What victories did this movement achieve? Political parties could manipulate and intimidate voters by printing lists (or tickets) of party candidates and watching voters drop them into the ballot box on election day. If the incumbent (official currently in office) wins, he or she stays in office. Under La Follette's leadership, Wisconsin became known as a 'laboratory for democracy.' in History at the California State University in Long Beach. 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