They went to live with an aunt and uncle, and saw little of his father. The gang of British spies who ended up in Moscow in the 1950s and 1960s were employed in KGB training schools and international research institutes. Melinda returned to Donald, but two years later moved to her own apartment. On 23 May, concerned that Maclean had not yet fled, Philby wired Burgess, ostensibly about his Lincoln convertible abandoned in the Embassy car park. We retrace the steps of the vast desert's earliest western adventurers and uncover tales of rivalry, stealth and concern for the future of the Bedouin. I was serving the interests of the Soviet Union and those interests required that these men were defeated. A plaque in his honour was unveiled by the head of the foreign intelligence service at its headquarters in Moscow in December. Fergus announced to some children with whom he was playing that My Daddy wants to stop all wars. [71] However, others maintain that he escaped through Syria, overland to Soviet Armenia and thence to Russia. [85], Philby found work in the early 1970s in the KGB's Active Measures Department churning out fabricated documents. Philby was suspected of tipping off two other spies under suspicion of Soviet espionage, Donald Maclean and Guy Burgess, both of whom subsequently fled to Moscow in May 1951. Philby had been briefed on the situation shortly before reaching Washington in 1949; it was clear to Philby that the agent was Donald Maclean, who worked in the British Embassy at the time and whose wife, Melinda, lived in New York. You can give that to the International Organisation for Aid for Revolutionaries. Yesterday, in our serialisation of an electrifying biography based on newly released papers, we heard how he fled to Moscow just as he was about to be arrested leaving behind his supposedly innocent wife. But MI6 found it hard to believe that Philby could be a Soviet agent. Want to Read. birth date: 1912-01-01. birth place: Ambala. He briefly reported from Cherbourg and Brest, sailing for Plymouth less than 24 hours before France surrendered to Germany in June 1940. For years he had sabotaged Allied missions behind the Iron Curtain and had calculatedly sent dozens of agents to their deaths. Harry St John Bridger Philby Order of the Indian Empire (CIE) (3 April 1885, Badulla, British Ceylon - 30 September 1960, Beirut, Lebanon), also known as Jack Philby or Sheikh Abdullah ( ), was a British Arabist, adviser, explorer, writer, and colonial office intelligence officer. 894646. [11][pageneeded], In July 1939, Philby returned to The Times office in London. The next day she notified the British Consul in Geneva. The double spys fourth wife and widow, Rufina Philby, told the paper that her British husband, whom she married in 1971, eight years after his defection, was disappointed about some of what he saw in the USSR. The news that Philby, a former MI6 officer, had been spying for the Russians since 1933 sounded an alarm in Whitehall. Please, The subscription details associated with this account need to be updated. The difference between the two concepts is important, as the information position of the two categories is rather different. [27] His time at Section D, however, was short-lived; the "tiny, ineffective, and slightly comic" section[28] was soon absorbed by the Special Operations Executive (SOE) in the summer of 1940. When young Philby's mother died in 1957, none of her children was invited to the funeral, and he never knew where she was buried. Offer valid until May 1, 2018. On the 50th anniversary of Philbys defection to Moscow, British newspaper The Daily Telegraph carried an article with excerpts of interviews with one of Philbys sons, Dudley Thomas Philby, and his Russian widow, Rufina Pukhova Philby. Although she would be left pitied, even censured, and alone in a country in which she had spent barely one-tenth of her life, it might be better that he should be free to live a new life in Moscow than spend a decade behind bars. He was given a hero's funeral, and posthumously awarded numerous medals [87] by the Soviets: Order of Lenin, Order of the Red Banner, Order of Friendship of Peoples, Order of the Great Patriotic War, Lenin Medal and Jubilee Medal "Forty Years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War 19411945". This statement was underlined twice in red and marked with two question marks, clearly indicating their confusion and questioning of this, by disbelieving staff at Moscow Central in the Lubyanka, according to Genrikh Borovik, who saw the telegrams much later in the KGB archives. Roland Philipps For The Daily Mail
Philby himself thought this might have been the case. [79]Mikhail Lyubimov, his closest KGB contact, explained that this was to guard his safety, but later admitted that the real reason was the KGB's fear that Philby would return to London. [5], Kim Philby, memorandum in Security Service Archives (1963). At the same time, Burgess was trying to get her into MI6. After five years of silence, communications were re-established with family and friends. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); A specialized intelligence website written by experts, since 2008. Modrzhinskaya concluded that all were double agents, working essentially for the British. [88], While working as a correspondent in Spain, Philby began an affair with Frances Doble, Lady Lindsay-Hogg, an actress and aristocratic divorce who was an admirer of Franco and Hitler. She would be his silent witness for all the difficult years ahead. His arrest led to others, Harry Gold, a courier with whom Fuchs had worked, David Greenglass and Julius and Ethel Rosenberg. Philby died in the city in 1988, 25 years after defecting to the Soviet Union, where he was employed as an occasional consultant to the KGB helping to prepare spies for missions to the west. Aileen Philby had suffered since childhood from psychological problems which caused her to inflict injuries upon herself. , updated He warned the Soviets of the attempted defection and travelled to Istanbulostensibly to handle the matter on behalf of SIS but, in reality, to ensure that Volkov had been neutralised. The head of MI6, Dick White, only recently transferred from MI5, had suspected Philby as the "third man". Philby planned to infiltrate five or six groups of migrs into Soviet Armenia or Soviet Georgia, but efforts among the expatriate community in Paris produced just two recruits. Were sorry, this feature is currently unavailable. Biografi [ redigera | redigera wikitext] Philby var son till arabisten St. John Philby. No connection with Philby was made at the time, and Krivitsky was found shot in a Washington hotel room the following year. In 1936 he began working at a failing trade magazine, the Anglo-Russian Trade Gazette, as editor. Dora Patricia Cardew Philby. "[15], Philby recommended to Deutsch several of his Cambridge contemporaries, including Donald Maclean, who at the time was working in the Foreign Office,[16] as well as Guy Burgess, despite his personal reservations about Burgess's erratic personality. "[59] Following this, Philby gave a press conference in whichcalmly, confidently, and without the stammer he had struggled with since childhoodhe reiterated his innocence, declaring, "I have never been a communist. While working as a senior member of British intelligence, he spied on behalf of the Soviet NKVD and KGB from the early 1930s until his defection. [78][pageneeded] Philby was under virtual house arrest, guarded, with all visitors screened by the KGB. Garbo/Pujol of WW II fame was a double agent, i.e. 4 Comments. After the magazine's owner changed the paper's role to covering Anglo-German trade, Philby engaged in a concerted effort to make contact with Germans such as Joachim von Ribbentrop, at that time the German ambassador in London. He was paid 500 roubles a month (the average Soviet salary in 1960 was Rbls80.60 a month and Rbls122 in 1970)[76][77] and his family was not immediately able to join him in exile. [citation needed], The SIS planned to interrogate Maclean on 28 May 1951. She flirted with other men and had affairs. "Kim believed in a just society and devoted his whole life to communism. Donald Maclean, although arrogant and someone who liked a drink too, was regarded as more convivial. She sensed that the Macleans marriage was a difficult one again, with Donald on occasion still getting hopelessly drunk. [58] Golitsyn proceeded to confirm White's suspicions about Philby's role. 149", "Up on the Catwalk Lyrics Simple Minds", The Defence of the Realm: The Authorized History of MI5, Stalin's Englishman: The Lives of Guy Burgess, Annotated bibliography of the Philby Affair, File release: Cold War Cambridge spies Burgess and Maclean, "Kim Philby: The Spy Who Loved Me" by Charlotte Philby, 12 June 2018, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kim_Philby&oldid=1139360835, Belgian comic authors Olivier Neuray and Valerie Lemaire wrote a series of three historical comics entitled "Les Cinq de Cambridge" involving Kim Philby. Born in India in 1912, Philby became a communist sympathiser after leaving Cambridge and began working as a KGB informer in the mid 1930s in London. The son, too, embraced left-wing politics and joined the Young Socialists when he was 17, after he enrolled at the Hornsey School of Art to study painting and sculpture. Solomon introduced Philby to the woman who would become Philby's second wife, Aileen Furse. It is possible that it was a Viennese-born friend of Friedmann's in London, Edith Tudor Hart herself, at this time, a Soviet agent who first approached Philby about the possibility of working for Soviet intelligence. His mother, Dora nee Johnston, was his father's first wife. Eleanor found Melinda amusing but nervous and highly strung and yearning for the luxuries of Western capitalism. During the summer of 1945, a Soviet cipher clerk had reused a one-time pad to transmit intelligence traffic. They took the train to Zurich, where they changed trains to Schwarzach in Austria. In 1965, he was awarded the Order of the Red Banner. ", His habit was fuelled by his sorrow over what he saw around him, she added. 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Their fifth child, Harry George, was born in 1950. Birthdate: circa 1922. Philby's less attractive personal qualities were matched by a charm to which many of his MI6 colleagues succumbed. there is a new book on the shelves, a fictional account of philby and his recruitment when he went to vienna austria, then returning to Britain to carry out his duties. [19] Maly was one of the Soviet Union's most powerful and influential illegal controllers and recruiters. The Anglo-German Fellowship, at this time, was supported both by the British and German governments, and Philby made many trips to Berlin. His wife Eleanor joined him in Moscow, and the Philbys and the Macleans spent a lot of time together, going to the ballet or just having dinner and playing bridge. He said "It was a very dirty storybut after all our work does imply getting dirty hands from time to time but we do it for a cause that is not dirty in any way". He was happy in Moscow and fulfilled by his work. In 1949 Philby was appointed first secretary to the British Embassy in Washington and served as chief British liaison with American intelligence agencies. Macleans outward calm in the face of exile was greatly bolstered by his wifes support. the title escapes me at the moment. Fergie is horrified that [Donald] might have done something wrong at the office and the FO will be very angry when he returns. The two-drink tradition remained but in time there was no longer a need to hide the bottle, she added. But he also did it to impress her. Alasdair Soussi. She hoped Donald would now find a way of getting in touch with her. George Blake, who is still alive, got on well with him than with Philby. Without Club Last club: Basingstoke Most games for: Reading U18 Without Club since: Dec 22, 2018 . [66] She recalled returning home to Beirut from a sight-seeing trip in Jordan to find Philby "hopelessly drunk and incoherent with grief on the terrace of the flat," mourning the death of a little pet fox which had fallen from the balcony. Harry had 6 siblings: Mary B Philby, Kathleen V Philby and 4 other siblings. He claimed he made the admission to her to excuse his lateness for their meetings when he was busy handling documents and rendezvousing with his Soviet handler. In contrast to Blake, Philby and Burgess and to a less extent Maclean suffered from nostalgia for Britain. Philby or his Russian bosses dreamed up this claim so he would not be seen as a traitor to democratic Britain. But Maclean sobered up and went cold turkey in a detoxification clinic. But the rezident (Russian term for spymaster) in France, probably Pierre at this time, suggested to Moscow that he suspected Philby's motives. Born in 1946, Dudley Tommy Philby is the third of Kims five children with his second of four wives, Aileen Furse Philby. At this point, however, Philby and Friedmann separated. Certain aspects of Soviet life did indeed disappoint Philby, with his wife claiming he was "particularly irritated by Brezhnev". But as the months turned into years and no word came from him, she sank into depression at the realisation that she was now bringing up their children alone. Were working to restore it. Registered office: 1 London Bridge Street, SE1 9GF. He drank to excess, hit her, and often disappeared. Alamy. It was ten years before he was given a minor role in the training of KGB recruits. Date of birth/Age: Jan 16, 2000 (23) Citizenship . They knew the risks they were running. [10], Philby acted as a courier between Vienna and Prague, paying for the train tickets out of his remaining 75 and using his British passport to evade suspicion. He was 65. children: Dudley Thomas Philby, Harry George Philby, John . Stewart Menzies, head of SIS, disliked the idea, which was promoted by former SOE men now in SIS. After I had been wounded and decorated by Franco himself, I became known as 'the English-decorated-by-Franco' and all sorts of doors opened to me. A more serious threat to Philby's position had come to light. He would say we and our when speaking of the Soviet Union and defended his adopted countrys brutal crushing of the Hungarian Uprising in 1956 an event that disgusted many Left-wing supporters back in the UK. Golitsyn offered the CIA revelations of Soviet agents within American and British intelligence services. For the Soviets, Philby was an invaluable asset, ensuring the correct use of idiomatic and diplomatic English phrases in their disinformation efforts. Shortly afterward, Philby was moved to the job as chief SIS representative in Washington, D.C., with his family. This mistake made it possible to break the normally impregnable code. Philby told the British, after a direct question to Franco, that German troops would never be permitted to cross Spain to attack Gibraltar. Pierre-Charles Path. [84] Despite reports to the contrary, Philby's wife claimed in a 1997 interview that the idea of Philby becoming depressed and destitute in Moscow was "a myth". Change), You are commenting using your Twitter account. We are no longer accepting comments on this article. Philby had repeated his claim that there were no such agents. "" ( : Harold Adrian Russell "Kim" Philby ; 1 1912 - 11 1988) . [63] From 1960, Philby's formerly marginal work as a journalist became more substantial and he frequently travelled throughout the Middle East, including Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Jordan, Kuwait and Yemen. "[20], In 1938, Walter Krivitsky (born Samuel Ginsberg), a former GRU officer in Paris who had defected to France the previous year, travelled to the United States and published an account of his time in "Stalin's secret service". Though a convinced Communist, he had a strong humanistic streak. Filed under A specialized intelligence website written by experts, since 2008 In February 1947, Philby was appointed head of British intelligence for Turkey, and posted to Istanbul with his second wife, Aileen, and their family. To the extent that I helped defeat them, even if it caused their deaths, I have no regrets. (LogOut/ Upon her return to Istanbul in late 1948, she was badly burned in an incident with a charcoal stove and returned to Switzerland. ", Pukhova, now 78, said she was irritated by stories about Philby's drink problem, but admitted he wasn't always able to stick to his two-glass rule. [11][pageneeded] After being evacuated from Boulogne on 21 May, he returned to France in mid-June and began representing The Daily Telegraph in addition to The Times. Expert news and commentary on intelligence, espionage, spies and spying, January 24, 2013 n ADAPTED from A Spy Named Orphan by Roland Philipps, to be published by The Bodley Head on April 26 at 20. 1951Tips off fellow Cambridge Spy Donald Maclean that a warrant has been issued for his arrest. In her absence, Philby had begun an affair with Donald Maclean's wife, Melinda. [58] Another meeting was scheduled to take place in the last week of January. (He is pictured, left, in Moscow with his father Kim, centre, and the escaped spy George Blake.). LONDON Kim Philby, called the "spy of the century" because of his work for the Soviet Union while a senior officer in British intelligence, died Wednesday in Moscow, the Foreign Office said. Commenting on his sabotage of the operation to secretly send thousands of Albanian anti-communists into Albania to overthrow the communist government, which led to many being killed, Philby rebutted that he helped prevent another World War. Philby's award of the Order of the British Empire was cancelled and annulled in 1965. Burgess predeceased him by 20 years, carried off by angina, an abused liver and hardening of the arteries. I knew what I wanted to know and that was the end of the affair. "If he did not act at once it would be too late," the telegram read, "because [Philby] would send his car to the scrap heap. Henry was born circa 1823, in Loughton, Essex, England. He needed a secret sharer in his life as well as someone to admire him. [68], Philby told Elliott that he was "half expecting" to see him. Matthew Tomkinson / Heart of Arabia Expedition. We all loved him enormously. In his early teens, he spent some time with the Bedouin in the desert of Saudi Arabia. He did a lot with us., Philby was sent to Beirut in 1956 to work for The Observer, leaving his children in London, after being. If one accepts Philbys propaganda one can repeat Philbys non-double agent claim. Director Susan Johnson Writers Kara Holden (screenplay by) Caren Lissner (based on the novel by) Stars Bel Powley Nathan Lane Scott Keiji Takeda See production, box office & company info Watch on Netflix Most infiltrators were caught by the Sigurimi, the Albanian Security Service. From April 1950, Maclean had been the prime suspect in the investigation into the Embassy leak. [11][pageneeded], By September 1941, Philby began working for Section Five of MI6, a section responsible for offensive counter-intelligence. Philby found that the award proved helpful in obtaining access to fascist circles: "Before then," he later wrote, "there had been a lot of criticism of British journalists from Franco officers who seemed to think that the British in general must be a lot of Communists because so many were fighting with the International Brigades. While working as a senior member of British intelligence, he spied on behalf of the Soviet NKVD and KGB from the early 1930s until his defection. Kim Philby attended Trinity College, Cambridge, where, in the early 1930s, with Guy Burgess, Donald Maclean and others, he espoused communism. She asked, "Could the SIS really be such fools they failed to notice suitcase-loads of papers leaving the office? In 1955, a botched investigation formally cleared him of spying for the Soviets but, shortly before being reinterviewed by British intelligence in 1963, Philby snr defected to Moscow. "[18], Philby continued to live in the United Kingdom with his wife for several years. He was tall and fair; she was slight with curly, dark hair. Halfway there, they switched cars and drove to a small airport in the Soviet zone of Austria. He got drunk and roamed Kuybyshev looking for action, on one occasion having his teeth knocked out in a brawl. He had five, one of whom, incidentally, was named after George Washington, the American president. She noted that they produced an extraordinary wealth of information on German war plans but next to nothing on the repeated question of British penetration of Soviet intelligence in either London or Moscow. This turned out to be identical with Barclay's dispatch, convincing the NKVD that Philby had seen the full Barclay report. His birth fell on Armistice day four years. His friend Malcolm Muggeridge regarded Philby as ''a real-life James Bond''. Burgess was arrested in September for drunken driving and was subsequently fired,[29] while Philby was appointed as an instructor on clandestine propaganda at the SOE's finishing school for agents at the Estate of Lord Montagu[30][pageneeded] in Beaulieu, Hampshire. The comments below have not been moderated, By
(LogOut/ The organization was one of several fronts operated by German communist Willi Mnzenberg, a member of the Reichstag who had fled to France in 1933. 'in Russian", "The Cambridge Spies' West Hampstead connection", "Kim Philby: new revelations about spy emerge in secret files", "Spies Philby's widow tells of an Englishman's life in exile", "Moscow square named after notorious British double agent Kim Philby", "A Cold War Mystery: Was the Soviet Mole Kim Philby a Double Agent or a Triple Agent? His office oversaw a large amount of urgent and top-secret communications between the United States and London. Under a cloud of suspicion raised by his highly visible and intimate association with Burgess, Philby returned to London. It was a mystery. We need it desperately." I dont accept Philbys excuses. We have noticed that there is an issue with your subscription billing details. As he states in his autobiography, he . Philby was a 19-year-old art student when his father was exposed in 1963 as a traitor. All was reasonably well between them until Kim Philby the master-spy who recruited him back in their Cambridge days himself defected in 1963. And in 1951, as his spying activities unravelled and his Soviet masters told him to defect, she agreed the best course of action was for him to be ex-filtrated rather than try to brazen out the accusations of treachery that were soon to be levelled at him. Although the father seemed to be an almost heroic figure in the son's eyes, the master spy never explained his treachery to him. Most intelligence historians believe that Philby was almost single-handedly responsible for the deaths of dozens even hundreds of Western intelligence officers and agents who perished during the Cold War while on missions in the USSR and Eastern Europe. In Security service Archives ( 1963 ) Dora nee Johnston, was circa! 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