Survivor leaders and their organizations were resilient and essential throughout the pandemic. Gregory Borgstede iv. From there, Joriz exploited Benilda in another form of sex trafficking by forcing her to engage in commercial sex acts at local hotels. Part of this work requires us to acknowledge we will never be able to understand the full scope of what is needed without the expertise of those affected by systemic inequality. William Hine-Ramsberger Addressing familial trafficking requires an interdisciplinary approach to ensure recovery of mental and physical health, trauma-informed investigation and prosecutorial efforts, survivor-led and -centered practices and interventions, and larger societal education and awareness. A survey by the Office of Security and Co-operation in Europes OSCE Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights (ODIHR) and UN Women highlights that almost 70 percent of trafficking survivors from 35 countries reported that their financial well-being was heavily impacted by COVID-19, and more than two-thirds attributed a decline in their mental health to government-imposed lockdowns triggering memories of exploitative situations. UNODCs Human Trafficking and Migrant Smuggling Section (HTMSS) began providing alternative methods to deliver technical assistance by establishing an online center of excellence that will allow for delivery of trainings, webinars, and blended and self-paced learning, as well as interaction among practitioners to foster HTMSS community of practice. This, coupled with a shortage of protective equipment to supply police, resulted in many law enforcement officers and other specialized anti-trafficking officials becoming infected with COVID-19, some of whom died. The TVPA provides such liability for any legal person, including a business that benefits financially from its involvement in a human trafficking scheme, provided that the business knew or should have known of the scheme. Barbados When victims or survivors are in a photo, identifying features have been removed or the photographer took the photo in collaboration with the individual pictured. Russia Alternatively, the President may waive application of the foregoing restrictions upon a determination that the provision to a Tier 3 country of such assistance would promote the purposes of the TVPA or is otherwise in the national interest of the United States. Many of these migrant workers must abide by the kafala system, in effect mostly in the Gulf states (Bahrain, Iraq, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates), Jordan, and Lebanon. Bosnia and Herzegovina Page 5: Picture Alliance When Mei returned to Xinjiang Region in China to visit her ill father, Chinese officials stopped her at the border with Kazakhstan and seized her passport. Additionally, COVID-19 mitigation efforts, such as stay-at-home orders and travel limitations, increased rates of gender-based violence and substance abuse, both of which put individuals at a higher risk of human traffickers exploiting them. The Nigerian military has also responded to end the unlawful recruitment and use of child soldiers when isolated incidents are brought to their attention. 333 and has certified that the Government of Somalia is taking effective and continuing steps to address the problem of child soldiers. In the Gulf States, an IST Research survey of 6,000 migrant workers concluded employers were 36 percent more likely to confine migrant domestic workers to their workplace and were 240 percent more likely to force those workers to work on rest days than any other migrant workers. The spokesperson did not identify specific individuals to be investigated. In addition, legal experts state that taking a financial crimes approach to human trafficking is highly effective in generating financial evidence that allows law enforcement to differentiate the traffickers from their victims, document the traffickers motives and knowledge, corroborate victim testimony, and assist in identifying affiliates. Heather Fisher With continued collaboration, adaptation, and commitment to serving the needs of victims, survivors, and vulnerable populations, anti-trafficking efforts will emerge stronger in the post-pandemic era. Congo, Republic of the After receiving a tip from child rights activists, police conducted a raid to remove the children from the factory and arrest the trafficker. There is no limit on the location or type of industry. An important component of any successful anti-trafficking strategy is a well-informed public that understands the real indicators of the crime and can identify it when it happens in their own communities. Natasha Greeberg Korea, North Bahrain Estonia launched a nationwide e-learning initiative in schools, led by law enforcement organizations and anti-trafficking experts, to combat and raise awareness of the rise of online sex trafficking and child exploitation during the pandemic. Andrea E. Reed This normalization of exploitation may also occur when the familial trafficking is tied to economic and cultural factors, such as in some cases of forced child labor in agriculture. In reality, they had grown in number and in size, with hundreds of thousands of victims graduating and being sent to larger and more technologically advanced prisons under false terrorism-related charges. Families may require children to find work due to lost income, government and NGO protection services may be reduced, and children might not be attending school where they have access to trusted adults. Peacekeeping Operations $12,692,025 Successful counter-measures often require anti-trafficking actors to build upon existing crisis frameworks and promising practices to include anti-trafficking responses that are trauma-informed and victim-centered. 333 to re-engage with and build the capacity of the Yemeni Armed Forces the military of the recognized government of Yemen in support of U.S. national interests in fighting terrorism, countering violent extremist organizations and illicit smuggling, and ensuring freedom of navigation through the Bab Al-Mandeb Strait. For example, the International Military Education and Training (IMET) program funds professional military education and training for the Afghanistan National Defense and Security Forces (ANDSF) that improves their capabilities, promotes respect for human rights, improves defense resource management, civil-military cooperation, and education on gender-based violence and womens health, and enhances interoperability for U.S.-Afghan joint operations. Patrice Roberts brings Caribbean vibe at NBA game. For the knowing commission of any act of a severe form of trafficking in persons, the government of the country should prescribe punishment that is sufficiently stringent to deter and that adequately reflects the heinous nature of the offense. Nigeria may receive EDA for maritime security improvements in the form of former U.S. Coast Guard vessels, which have been used to improve maritime navigation and counter-piracy efforts in the Gulf of Guinea and Niger Delta. The Global Initiative Against Transnational Organized Crime (GIATOC) published a policy brief in May 2020 highlighting initial trends in human trafficking during the pandemic and challenges to traditional responses. The government was actively complicit in the forced labor of North Korean workers. It said that authorities continued investigating two dozen police officers alleged to be involved in human trafficking, but none of these investigations moved to prosecution. This emphasizes the importance of prioritizing safety, privacy, and informed use of technology when facilitating virtual trafficking assessments, investigations, and coordination of services with trafficking victims. The report said corrupt government officials were not the only people involved in human trafficking in TT. Trinidad and Tobago Zoran Piperovic, the republic's deputy. This prompted the Department of State to leave TT on the tier 2 watch list for a second year. Liam and Jakob were experiencing homelessness in northern Europe when a person they thought was a prospective employer offered them a job in construction, along with room and board, in a neighboring country. In June 2020, Mexico secured its first trafficking in persons conviction from a virtual court session; however, the risk of traffickers and other abusers intercepting victims phone calls, text messages, or other forms of communication has been heightened in a remote environment in which victims and prosecutorial investigators are unable to develop a relationship. Do you get to choose to be abused in a society where death is the alternative? Whether the government of the country has adopted measures to prevent severe forms of trafficking in persons, such as measures to inform and educate the public, including potential victims, about the causes and consequences of severe forms of trafficking in persons, measures to establish the identity of local populations, including birth registration, citizenship, and nationality, measures to ensure that its nationals who are deployed abroad as part of a diplomatic, peacekeeping, or other similar mission do not engage in or facilitate severe forms of trafficking in persons or exploit victims of such trafficking, a transparent system for remediating or punishing such public officials as a deterrent, measures to prevent the use of forced labor or child labor in violation of international standards, effective bilateral, multilateral, or regional information sharing and cooperation arrangements with other countries, and effective policies or laws regulating foreign labor recruiters and holding them civilly and criminally liable for fraudulent recruiting. The Secretary of State is authorized to waive this automatic downgrade only once, in that third year, based on credible evidence that a waiver is justified because the government has a written plan that, if implemented, would constitute making significant efforts to meet the TVPAs minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking and is devoting sufficient resources to implement the plan. The DHS Blue Campaign Visit disclaimer page works in collaboration with law enforcement, government, non-governmental, and private organizations and strives to protect the basic right of freedom and to bring those who exploit human lives to justice.. DHS plays a major role in identifying foreign national victims of trafficking. The President has determined that it is in the national interest of the United States to waive in part the application of the prohibition in section 404(a) of the CSPA with respect to Yemen to allow for provision of PKO, IMET, and support provided pursuant to 10 U.S.C. Benilda was 12 when her neighbor, Joriz, offered to provide her with an education and ajob to pay her siblings school fees if she moved with him to Manila. Veronica Jablonski Laila . Notably, the R-ARCSS requires the Government of South Sudan to refrain from the recruitment and/or use of child soldiers. In the face of this crisis and future crises, it is the responsibility of the international community to work together toward the shared goal of preventing and combating human trafficking, protecting victims, and empowering survivors. Co Chairs Statements of the first (2002), second (2003), third (2009), fourth (2011), fifth (2013), sixth (2016) and seventh (2018) Declaration of the Seventh Ministerial Conference of the Bali Process on People Smuggling, Trafficking in Persons and Related Transnational Crime (2018) Policy Guides & Handbooks: Bali Process Working Group on Trafficking in Persons, Agreement on the Cooperation of the CIS Member States in Combating Trafficking in Persons, Human Organs and Tissues (2005), COMMIT Memorandum of Understanding on Cooperation Against Trafficking in Greater Mekong Sub-Region (2004), United Nations Action for Cooperation against Trafficking in Persons, A Vision for the Baltic Sea region by 2020, CBSS Summit 2010, Task Force against Trafficking in Human Beings (TF-THB), COE Convention on Action Against Trafficking in Human Beings (2005), ECOWAS Initial Plan of Action against Trafficking in Persons, Directive 2011/36/EU on Combating and Preventing Trafficking in Human Beings and Protecting its Victims EU Anti-Trafficking Action 2017-2019, European Union Anti-Trafficking Coordinator, FATF REPORT Financial Flows from Human Trafficking (2018), Arab Framework Act on Combating Trafficking in Persons (2008), Work Plan to Combat Trafficking in Persons in the Western Hemisphere 2010-2012 (AG/RES. Caitlin B. Heidenreich Cristina Narvaez During FY 2021, DoD section 333 funding was obligated for the following activities: training and equipment. If looking for more information on survivor-informed best practices, please see NHTTACs Survivor-Informed Practice: Definition, Best Practices, and Recommendations. Around the world, governments, companies, and consumers committed to eliminating human trafficking from global supply chains can all play a role in demanding an end to the use of forced labor in Xinjiang and beyond. Qatar broad-based law enforcement or developmental initiatives. The anti-trafficking field has identified and delineated the recruitment, grooming, and exploitation practices traffickers use in various scenarios of both sex and labor trafficking. The school administrators forced Vicente and the other students to adhere to an exhausting work and academic schedule and threatened deportation and legal action if they failed to comply or skipped a work shift. The U.S. governments current military assistance goals with Cameroon are to increase: 1) military professionalization, 2) maritime security capabilities, and 3) counterterrorism capabilities. The TVPA, as amended, lists additional factors to determine whether a country should be on Tier 2 (or Tier 2 Watch List) versus Tier 3: In addition, the TVPA directs the Secretary of State to consider, as proof of a countrys failure to make significant efforts to fully meet the TVPAs minimum standards, a government policy or pattern of: trafficking; trafficking in government-funded programs; forced labor (in government-affiliated medical services, agriculture, forestry, mining, construction, or other sectors); sexual slavery in government camps, compounds, or outposts; or employing or recruiting child soldiers. She trains government officials regularly, sharing important experiences on working with victims at Sana Sezims human trafficking shelter. Austria Survivors of familial trafficking have a range of responses to the traditional educational system: some are reported to have learning challenges, including illiteracy and processing challenges. With so many disappeared into and abused within this system, entire communities in Xinjiangcommunities with rich histories and immeasurable cultural significancehave become ghost towns. Court closures at the onset of the pandemic also delayed prosecutions, contributing significantly to judicial systems backlog of cases. The President has further certified that the governments of the above countries are taking effective and continuing steps to address the problem of child soldiers. Yemen. Some examples of online collaboration between anti-trafficking stakeholders include: Some organizations leveraged technology to innovate systems for victim identification and referrals while others, even some governments, expanded access to training to national and global audiences. The government of the country should make serious and sustained efforts to eliminate severe forms of trafficking in persons. NOTES: Local currencies have been converted to U.S. dollars ($) using the currency exchange rates reported by the U.S. Department of the Treasury on December 31, 2020. Such interference can have damaging effects on the ability of law enforcement, NGOs, and other victim service providers to respond to real cases. He is the Co-President of the Lawyers Network for Technical Intern Trainees, the President of the Lawyers Network for Foreign Workers, and a prominent legal expert in foreign labor issues. A governments failure to appropriately address public allegations against such public officials, especially once such officials have returned to their home countries, shall be considered inaction under these criteria. Drawing on lessons learned from the pandemic response thus far, there are four main considerations that aim to mitigate impacts of crises and guide the path forward for the anti-trafficking community: Addressing human trafficking during a global pandemic requires the full range of actors in the anti-trafficking community to bridge the gap and establish a comprehensive coordinated response. Costa Rica Some governments and organizations conducted in-depth assessments to identify the changing trends. Bhutan The Human Trafficking Foundation started a Google group, and the Freedom Collaborative initiated a COVID-19 Response Facebook group. The DDR Committee works to equip former child soldiers with resources for income-generating activities and reintegrate them into their communities. As of April 5, $3,821,000 worth of EDA equipment was transferred to Afghanistan. Inside Back Cover: Panos Pictures/Abbie Trayler- Smith. Consistent with the TVPA, the President may also determine to instruct the U.S. Executive Director of each multilateral development bank and the International Monetary Fund to vote against and use their best efforts to deny any loans or other uses of the institutions funds to a designated Tier 3 country for most purposes (except for humanitarian, trade-related, and certain development-related assistance). Bemaka-Soui is also sensitive to the effects that human trafficking has on individuals and their communities. Bianca Washington Guyana This is accomplished by providing age-appropriate furniture and decorations, painting the walls in calming colors, and displaying childrens artwork or murals. Security assistance subject to the CSPA restriction that is currently provided to Nigeria includes IMET, Foreign Military Financing (FMF), PKO, Excess Defense Articles (EDA) and Department of Defense support provided pursuant to 10 U.S.C. Most victims are not kidnapped by strangers or secretive syndicates. Organizations can also implement paid mental health days, self-care plans as part of employee reviews, and organization-wide education encompassing individual wellness. Many former child soldiers suffer from panic attacks due to trauma. When a White person goes missing, you hear about it every five minutes. Steven Shade A force of nature, she has prioritized achieving systemic change through grassroots action and effective networking. Technology also can play a critical role in combating these crimes, increase law enforcements ability to identify victims and perpetrators, and help deliver financial assistance and other victim support services to victims as they work to rebuild their lives. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) Trafficking in Persons, https://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/human-trafficking/index.html, United Nations Office of the High Commissioner on Human Rights, https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/hlpf, The Inter-agency Coordination Group against Trafficking in Persons (ICAT), Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, Supplementing the United Nations Convention Against Transnational Organized Crime (A/RES/55/25) (2000), United Nations Global Plan of Action to Combat Trafficking in Persons (A/RES/64/293) (2010), Political Declaration on the Implementation of the Global Plan of Action to Combat Trafficking in Persons (2017) (A/RES/72/1), UNSC Resolutions on Trafficking in Persons in Conflict Situations 2331 (2016) , 2388 (2017) and 2493 (2019 S/RES/2493 ), UNODC Global Report on Trafficking in Persons (2020), Legislative Guide for the Implementation of the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, especially Women and Children (2020), Model Legislative Provisions against Trafficking in Persons (2020), Female Victims of Trafficking for Sexual Exploitation as Defendants (2021), UNODC Toolkit for Mainstreaming Human Rights and Gender Equality into Criminal Justice Intervention to Address Trafficking in Persons and Smuggling of Migrants (2021), UN Sustainable Development Goal targets 5.2, 8.7, and 16.2 (SDGs), http://www.ilo.org/sapfl/Informationresources/ILOPublications/Byregion/Global/langen/index.htm, http://www.ilo.org/dyn/normlex/en/f?p=NORMLEXPUB:1:0, -P029 Protocol of 2014 and Recommendation R203, supplementing the Forced Labour Convention (1930), -C105 Abolition of Forced Labour Convention (1957), -C182 Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention (1999), -C189 Domestic Workers Convention, and its Recommendation R201 (2011), ILO training package on inspection of labour conditions on board fishing vessels (2020), UN Special Rapporteur on Contemporary Forms of Slavery, UN Special Rapporteur on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution, and Child Pornography, AU Commission Initiative against Trafficking Campaign (AU.COMMIT), October 1, 2020, Virtual Event, 2nd Virtual Technical Meeting on Data Collection on Irregular Migration and Associated Protection Risks towards the Production of a Statistical Report on Human Trafficking and Migrant Smuggling in the Horn of Africa and Surrounding Region, January 23-24, 2020, Bishoftu, Ethiopia, National Stakeholder Workshop on the AU-Horn of Africa Mainstreaming Initiative for Countering Human Trafficking and Migrant Smuggling, (EU/Horn of Africa Migration Route Initiative), Khartoum Declaration on AU-Horn of Africa Initiative on Human Trafficking and Smuggling of Migrants (2014), Valletta Summit Political Declaration (2015), EU-Africa Action Plan on Migration and Mobility (2014-2017), ASEAN Convention Against Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children (2015), ASEAN Plan of Action Against Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children (2015), The Bali Process Guidelines for Information Sharing to Address People Smuggling, Trafficking in Persons and Related Transnational Crime, The Bali Process Handbook on Addressing Irregular Migration through Effective Information Campaigns, The Bali Process Policy Guides on Criminalizing Migrant Smuggling and Trafficking in Persons, The Bali Process Policy Guides on Identification and Protection of Victims of Trafficking, The Bali Process Policy Guide on Following the Money in Trafficking in Persons Cases, The Bali Process Policy Guide on Returns and Reintegration, Protecting Migrants at Sea: Practical Guide to Fulfilling International Obligations, Corruption as a facilitator of smuggling of migrants and trafficking in persons (2021), Program of Cooperation between the CIS Member States against Trafficking in Persons for 20142018, COMMIT 4th Sub-Regional Plan of Action (COMMIT SPA IV 2015-2018)Victim Identification and Referral Mechanisms: Common Guidelines for the Greater Mekong Sub-region. 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